[Suitable technology for defluoridation in pipe water of Department of Health in upper northern parth by chemical treatments]
2001
Thewaraksa Khruakhlai(Department of Health, Nonthaburi (Thailand) | Shonlathorn PancharoenDepartment of Health, Nonthaburi (Thailand) | Shonnakan DanwanakitcharoenDepartment of Health, Nonthaburi (Thailand) | Suyanee SutthiphongDepartment of Health, Nonthaburi (Thailand))
Fluoride contamination in drinking water is one of Health problems in Thailand. High ingestion of fluoride will cause Fluorosis and related health problems which can be easily found in the area that groundwater resources are contaminated by Fluoride such as in the northern region of the country. The objective of this study is to compare various defluoridation methods such as coagulation, reverse osmosis, ion exchange and the adsorption of activated alumina. Groundwater samples were collected from Ban Pahaeng, Lumpang Province and Ban Long, Lumpoon Province. The result from coagulation, the formation of fluoroapatite by the reaction of fluoride (F) together with calciumchloride (Cacl2) and monosodiumdihydrogenphosphate (NaH2PO4), F:CaCl2:NaH2PO4, weight ratio 1:52:36, was 94.60 percent fluoride removal efficiency. The result from using coagulants such as alum, lime, kaolinite and polimer showed that treated water was not yet satisfied but its quality was better after pass through ion exchange or membrane filtration afterward. Fluoride removal efficiency from reverse osmosis and ion exchange were 98.77 percent and 97.75 percent respectively which were very effective. Fluoride adsorption by activated alumina, continuous upflow process, showed that fluoride content in treated water was less than drinking water quality standard recommended by Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health (0.7 mg/l).
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