Influence of agroecological conditions on winter wheat grain gluten quantity and quality indices

Inglés. Wheat is the major field crop grown in Latvia. High quality wheat grains are required for the milling and baking industries. Gluten quantity and quality are important qualities indices for technological processing of wheat. Our objectives were to determine the relative influence of variety (V), year (Y), nitrogen fertilizer (N) on the variation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) gluten quantity and quality indices. Field experiments with 9 winter wheat varieties of different origin were conducted on brown lessive soils of the Study and Research farm Peterlauki of the Latvia University of Agriculture in 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2004. Split nitrogen fertilization was applied in the following way: early in spring at the beginning of the vegetation period, at the end of tillering and at the end of shooting into stems. The N fertilizer amount applied was four nitrogen fertilizer (90, 90+30, 90+30+30 and 90+30+60 N kg ha-1) treatments for all the studied winter wheat varieties. Wet gluten content (WG), gluten index (GI), dry gluten (DG), water binding capacity in wet gluten (WBC) were measured at the Latvia University of Agriculture, Institute of Agrobiotehnology, Grain and Seed Research Laboratory by ICC No. 155 and. No. 137 /1 (LV ST-275). Highly significant differences were detected among the environments and varieties for each of the quality variables. Variety and environment and nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect on wet gluten quality indices. Results were showed, that gluten quantity and quality indices were mostly influenced by the genetic peculiarities of a crop variety, to a lesser extent by meteorological conditions in the growing season and by the rate of split N fertilizer. Close positive correlations were determined between the wet gluten and dry gluten, water binding capacity and dry gluten, water binding capacity and wet gluten.

Letón. Šķirnes ģenētiskās īpatnības un gada meteoroloģiskā situācija ir nozīmīgākie mitrā lipekļa un tā kvalitāti ietekmējošie faktori. Kvalitatīvu ziemas kviešu pārtikas graudu ieguvei jāizvēlas šķirnes ar stabilāku, mainīgā meteoroloģiskā situācijā noturīgāku lipekļa saturu un tā indeksu. Kā stabilākās, pētāmo šķirņu ietvaros, bija šķirnes 'Stava' un 'Zentos'. Visām šķirnēm un katru gadu nevar būt vienotas slāpekļa mēslojuma normas un devas, tās nepieciešams diferencēt atkarībā no šķirnes veģetācijas perioda garuma, šķirnes potenciālās ražības, kvalitatīvo rādītāju iespējamā lieluma un ,galvenokārt, no veģetācijas perioda rakstura.