Blooming, pollen production and foraging by honey bees of three pasque - flower species
2003
Szklanowska, K. | Strzalkowska, M. | Luczywek, R.,Akademia Rolnicza, Lublin (Poland). Katedra Botaniki
The obserrvations were carried out on Pulsatilla vulgaris Mill. P. slavica Reuss. and P. pratensis (L.) grown in Botanical Garden UMCS in Lublin (Poland). The aim of the study was to investigate the process of blooming biology, pollen flow, and insects forages, mainly by honeybees. It was found that flowers of pasque bloom only till midday (8-12) while process of pollen exposition was longer and lasted till 2-3 p.m. with its pick between 10-12 EET. The density of honeybee, forming pollen loads willingly was positively correlated with the time of the most intensive bursting of anthers. The pollen efficiency, depending of species, varied from 8 to 15 (17) mg per one flower. The structure of weather factors proved decisive for the time and length of blooming and controlled the regularity of changing one phenological phase into another. The pollen of examined perennials is characterized by high viability and is a valuable food source not only for honeybees but for wild pollinators as well
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