Development of commercial protocol for in vitro micropropagation of Fritillaria
2006
Gharehyazie, Behzad | Ebrahimie, Esmaeil | Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh, Manijeh | Irannegad, Azadeh | Sardari, Manoochehr | Salahi Ardacany, Abas
Fascinating Fritillaria genus includes 100 species which 14 species are native to Iran. Iran is center of origin and genetic diversity of important species like F. imperialis and F. persica. Unfortunately in recent years, wild populations of these valuable plants which have commercial value are in the risk of extinction in Iran. Effective factors on extinction of F. imperialis and F. persica were investigated in 2 years (2003 and 2004). The important factors were: (1) Irregular grazing of Fritillaria stands (provenances), (2) In Iran, there is no protecting rule for saving Fritillaria from extinction, (3) Changing of pastures to dry farms (4) Pests overflow which is related to destruction of pastures (5) Fritillaria do not cultivated in Iran. Previous studies have shown that Fritillaria imperialis and Fritillaria persica can not rapidly and efficiently propagate by traditional methods like bulb scaling and bulb cutting. In vitro tissue culture techniques have shown high potential for micropropagation of endangered plants. Because of low amount of meristematic cells in bulb of Fritillaria, explants obtained from scales show low capability in tissue culture. In addition, the use of bulb-scale pieces can result in the destruction of the endangered parent plant. In this study, apical meristem, scales, capsule, and root meristem applicated as explant. In this study, an efficient protocol for direct bulbet regeneration from scale and somatic embryogenesis from root neristem were established. The best response for direct bulbet regeneration was achieved from scales cultured on B5 medium supplemented with 4 BA mg/lit. and 1 mg/lit. NAA. For regeneration through somatic embryogenesis the best medium was B5 medium supplemented with 2 mg/lit. NAA mg/lit. for both species.
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