Prevention and controls measure of non-H5 or non-H7 low pathogenic avian influenza in Japan
2009
In Japan, avian influenza virus (AIV) infection in poultry is classified into two categories, 'highly pathogenic avian influenza' and 'avian influenza', according to Domestic Animal Infectious Diseases Control Law. The avian influenza in the statute is defined as AIV infection caused by low pathogenic AIV other than H5 and H7 subtypes. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan promulgated Domestic Animal Infectious Diseases Quarantine Measure Summary in 1997, in which established preventive measures for controlling the avian influenza including culling out and isolation of infected poultry farms. However, it had no enforceability and it didn't contract any economic compensation for the farm. In South Korea, low pathogenic H9N2 AIV infection was found in 1996. At that time, culling out of the infected birds was recommended by the national policy. However, sufficient measures were not conducted because there were almost no economic compensations. Consequently, eradication of the virus did not work and the virus which increased its pathogenicity was found in 2004. The South Korean experience is highly suggestive. For efficient control of the disease, the economic compensation should be considered. Furthermore, even low pathogenic AIVs other than H5 and H7 subtypes have possibilities to increase their pathogenicity during the prolonged prevalence. Although serological evidence which indicates the distribution of low pathogenic AIV infections has not been found in Japan, a stamping-out policy the same as that of 'highly pathogenic avian influenza' may be required for effective prevention of 'avian influenza' caused by these low pathogenic AIVs.
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