Decades of chemical farming in selected municipalities of Benguet (Philippines): assessing its effects on environment and human health.

Agriculture is the main source of livelihood in Benguet.It was,however, perceived as a major contributor to environmental pollution due to excessive application of agrochemicals. Farm workers and their families are at risk due to inhalation and skin contact during preparation and application of pesticides to crops. Further, majority of the population consuming these crops are also at risks. This study was conducted in Kapangan, La Trinidad and Buguias, Benguet to assess the impact of decades of chemical farming on the environment and human health. Specifically,it was conducted to determine pesticide residues and heavy metals in soil,water and plants and the effects of pesticide to farmers. Organophoshates, organochlorines and pyrethroids were all detected in soil crop samples and were also detected in water samples. The level of mercury in soil was higher than threshold limit and lead, chromium and zinc were below the threshold levels. Mercury was not detected in potato; however,lead,chromium and zinc were detected. Lead and cadmium were detected in water samples; however the values were below the permissible limit. On the other hand, nitrate levels in two drinking water sources exceeded WHO limit 50 ppm. Water for irrigation and domestic use were contaminated with fecal coliform. Contamination was more serious during dry season due to Escherichia coli. Likewise, farmers reported symptoms associated with pesticide use such as muscle pain, weakness, itchy eyes, blurred vision, dizziness and headaches. Cholinesterose test however, ruled out pesticide poisoning by organophosphates. The best approach to minimize environmental pollution from agriculture is for local government units, general public, academe/research institutions and farmers to participate in tackling issues on pesticide and fertilizer use.