Antiviral activity of microalgae extracts against Epstein-Barr virus in lymphoblastoid cell lines
2006
Kok, Y. | Chu, W. | Lai, P. | Tan, B.K. | Ling, S.N. | Shar, M. | Mak, J.W. | Lim, K.C.P. | Rakesh, N. | Pauline, B. | Phang, S.M.
Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a gammaherpes virus that has affected 90% of the adult human population and is prevalent among Asians, especially the Chinese. EBV establishes a lifelong dormant infection in some cells of the body's immune system. A late event of this virus is the emergence of infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The antiviral activity of methanol extracts from Ankistrodesmus convolotus UMACC 101, Synechococcus elongatus UMACC 105 and Spirulina platensis UMACC 161 against EBV in lympho-blastoid cell lines was studied. Three EBV positive Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines, namely Akata, B95.8 and P3HR1, were used and chemically induced into lytic cycle. The antiviral mechanism of the microalgae extracts was elucidated based on their inhibition of the expression of the viral proteins LMP1, EBNA and ZEBRA, and their efficacy in reducing a number of viral particles being released by lytic BL cells. The antiviral activity of the extracts was compared with two commercially available antiviral drugs, acycloguanosine and sodium phosphonoformate tribasic hexadrate. At 100 micro g/ml, the methanol extracts from Synechoccus elongates inhibited 50% of the expression of EBNA in Akata cells and LMP1 both B95.8 cells and P3HR1 cells. At 100 micro g/ml, the methanol extracts from Ankistrodesmus convolotus and Spirulina platensis inhibited the expression of ZEBRA by 89% and 84% in Akata cells, respectively. Acycloguanosine and sodium phosphonoformate tribasic hexahydrate inhibited the expression of ZEBRA by 50% in Akata, B95.8% and BHR1 at 50 microg/ml. In the current study, it was found that the ability to inhibit the expression of viral proteins by methanol extracts from microalgae was comparable to acycloguanosine and sodium phosphonoformate tribasic hexahydrate.
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