Use of peramafrost natural cold for long-term storage of genetic resources
2008
Kershengolts, B.M. | Ivanov, B.I. | Desyatkin, R.B. | Remigajlo, P.A. | Fedorov, I.A., Russian Academy of Sciences. Siberian Branch, Yakutsk (Russian Federation). Institute of Biological Problems of Cryolithozone | Chizhan, R.V., Russian Academy of Sciences. Siberian Branch, Yakutck (Russian Federation). The P.I. Melnikov Permafrost Institute
Influence of year-round stable low temperatures (-6, -8 C deg.) in a thickness of permafrost only due to a natural cold on physiological and cyto-biochemical characteristics of seeds of the legumes stored under given conditions for nearly 30 years is investigated. The analysis of functional activity data of genome indicates physiological hypobiosis processes of seeds in given conditions of cold storage, 95-100 % of germination safety at a level of chromosomal aberrations is about 1-4 % in total. Storage of peas seeds from collection of Russian Research Institute of Plant Industry under standard conditions (Krymsk, Ekaterinburg, Mikhnevo cities) within 11-13 years results in reduction of germination to 50–80 %, at a level of chromosomal aberrations to 6 . 28 %, and at their storage during 28–31 years results in complete loss of germination. The analysis of various methods of long-term storage of genetic resources was carried out and the conclusion about optimality of a cryostorage method in a layer of permafrost in North-East of Russia by following criteria has been made: the maximal economic profitability and biological effi ciency, reliability and security from various natural and technogenic accidents, minimization of expenditures of labour. The project of creation of International cryobank for genetic resources with the use of free and reliable natural cold of permafrost is offered and directions of its activity are formulated
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