Standard requirements to black earth soils for production ecological safe apple fruits
2008
Trunov, I.A. | Dubovik, V.A. | Skripnikova, M.K. | Pugachiev, G.N. | Zakharov, V.L. | Kuzin, A.I. | Shelkovnikov, V.V.
The Tambov Plain (includes the Tambov Region and a part of the Lipetsk Region) is the most favorable area for apple growing in the Russian Federation. Agroecological, agrophysical and agrochemical standards for the soils of the Plain are developed on the base of the property researches. Hydrological features of the soils are described. The maximum content of pollutants in soil is the follow (mg/kg) to receive ecologically clean products: 0.68 Pb, 0.93 Ni, 0.2 Cd, 1.2 Cr and 2.0 for using fresh fruits and for infant food production; 1.20, 1.22, 0.30, 1.30 and 3.50 respectively for provisions and raw materials for food industry. Humus content in soil ought to be in limits 4.3-7.6%. Soil reaction ought to be from neutral to middle-acid. The content of easy hydrolysable N ought to be in limits from 67.2 to 137.2 mg/kg, mobile P from 35.0 to 38.6 mg/kg, available K from 53.0 to 271.0 mg/kg. The ratio of N:P:K ought to be in limits 1:2:2 -1:1.5:1.5. The other limits ought to be the follow: for soil density 0.94-1.36 and for solid soil phase ones 2.45-2.7 g per square centimeter, total porosity 43-65%, coefficient of structure 0.9-1.8% and more, valuable aggregate (of 0.25-10 milli m) content 50-65% and more, water-stable aggregate (more than 0.25 milli m ) content 30-55%, minimum moisture-holding capacity 23-27%. Underground waters ought to dip at 2-2.5 m and more. Cd, As, Pb and sometimes Ni in soil can be potentially dangerous. Mn, Cu and Zn do not represent danger of product pollution. It is found out that chernozems and chernozems leached are suitable for growing of apples which can be used fresh and for infant food production, though heavy metals and As present in these soils. The fruits grown on chernozem-meadow, meadow-chernozem, common chernozem and podzol chernozem soils are suitable to be used in fresh by adult population and to be used as raw materials for food industry.
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