Effect of plant age on fresh rhizome yield and volatile oil composition of acorus calamus linn
2008
Osman, M..A., Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, Khartoum (sudan). National Center for Research | Bahl, J.R., Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow (India) | Darokar, M.P., Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow (India) | Garg, S.N., Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow (India) | Lal, R.K., Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow (India) | Khanuja, S.P., Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow (India)
The effect of plant age on growth, yield and oil content and composition of sweet flag (Acarus calamus) was studied in four populations at four different ages, raised at CIMAP Experimental Research Farm, India. The plant age had significant effect on total fresh yield and leaves and rhizomes fresh weights. These parameters showed increasing trend with advancement of harvesting age up to 6 years, and age increase to more than 15 years resulted in their decrease. Significantly highest number of shoots per square metre was recorded in more than 15-year old crop, and the lowest number was recorded in the 6-year old crop. The highest oil yield of rhizomes was obtained from the six-year old plants. Shoot length, rhizome: leaf ratio (R/L) and oil yield of leaves did riot show significant differences with the age of the plant. However, 6-year old plants recorded the highest average shoot length, and the three-year old plants gave the highest oil yield of leaves. The total fresh yield showed a highly significant positive correlation with rhizomes fresh weight (r=0.999), leaves fresh weight (r= 0.994) and with rhizome: leaf ratio (r= 0.998). Highly significant positive correlations (r=0.999) were also obtained between rhizomes oil content and rhizomes oil yield and between leaves oil content and leaves oil yield. B-asarone was the most dominant constituent in the oils of both leaves and rhizomes, constituting an average of 84.2% in the leaves and 88.9% in the rhizomes oil. The study indicated that the oil content of fresh rhizomes and leaves is the main contributor to their oil yields, and selection for high oil content will be effective. The constituents of the volatile oil remained the same irrespective of the plant age
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