Extraction and composition of the essential oil of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) in Thailand | วิธีการสกัดและองค์ประกอบของน้ำมันหอมระเหยทีทรี (Melaleuca alternifolia) ในประเทศไทย
2009
Olarn Tuntawiroon(Kasetsart University, Bangkok (Thailand). Agro-Ecological System Research and Development Institute) E-mail:[email protected] | Uraiwan Dilokkunanant(Kasetsart University, Bangkok (Thailand). Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute) | Udomlak Sukkatta(Kasetsart University, Bangkok (Thailand). Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute) | Worawit Yeesawat(Kasetsart University, Bangkok (Thailand). Agro-Ecological System Research and Development Institute) | Sudprasong Suvannalert(Kasetsart University, Bangkok (Thailand). Agro-Ecological System Research and Development Institute) | Prapart Changlek(Kasetsart University, Bangkok (Thailand). Agro-Ecological System Research and Development Institute) | Weerasri meaktrong(Kasetsart University, Bangkok (Thailand). Agro-Ecological System Research and Development Institute)
Three distillation methods using water (WD), water and steam (WSD) and steam (SD) to produce essential oil from fresh and dried leaves and twigs of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden and Betche) Cheel) were compared. The results revealed that tea tree oil obtained from WD WSD and SD were colorless mobile liquid. The percentage of oil contents obtained from various treatments were significant different (P LT 0.05). The yield of oil obtained from fresh leaves and twigs of tea tree by using WD gave the highest oil yield (2.84 percent) and not significantly different from oil obtained from both of fresh leaves and twigs of tea tree by using WSD and dry leaves and twigs of tea tree by using WD while extraction of dry leaves and twigs of tea tree by using SD showed the lowest yield (1.78 percent). The quality of tea tree oil obtained from all treatment are in the requirements of ISO/FDIS 4730:2004 standard. The major components of tea tree oil were terpinen-4-ol 33.68-35.93 percent, 1,8-cineole 6.73-10.92 percent, beta-terpinene 20.41-22.98 percent, alpha-terpinene 8.62-13.18 percent และ p-cymene 2.13-7.59 percent. It was found that oil obtained from fresh tea tree by using SD gave high quality of oil in aroma profile and main chemical component which was high in terpinen-4-ol content and low in 1,8-cineole.
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