Прогноз фитосанитарного состояния агроценозов Беларуси в условия потепления климата
2009
Ivanyuk, V.G., National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk (Belarus). Scientific and Practical Center for Potato, Vegetable and Fruit Growing
The comparative analysis of the dynamics of climate factors and the phytosanitary situation of agrocenoses in the Republic Belarus by the example of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was realized. The projection of potato diseases and pests development in the conditions of climate warming was presented. Global climate warming caused the substantial changes in specialization of causative agent of black scab (Rhizoctonia solani) and changes in the population structure of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Incidence of the A2 mating type of Phytophthora infestans on potato crops in Belarus proved that in course of a short period of time there was formed the high virulent pathogen population which was able to get over any level of potato varieties resistance and annually cause the potato blight epiphytoty. The increased amount of dry periods and high and extremely high temperatures (25-33 deg C) also caused the annual epiphytoty of potato scab (Actinomyces scabies). At present the main Streptomyces species causing potato scab were new for Belarus: S. chromofuscus, S. violaceoruber, S. melanosporofaciens and S. melanosporofaciens. Climate warming could also cause the population density increasing, migration activity and harmfulness of potato pests: potato aphids (Macrosiphon solanifolii, Macrosiphon euphorbiae), chafer (Melolonthinae), wireworms (Elateridae) and Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)
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