Evaluating groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seed yield determinants in northern Ghana: A breeding perspective
2000
Marfo, K.O., Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Council fOr Scientific and Industrial Research, P. 0. Box 52,Tamale. Ghana | Padi, F., Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Council fOr Scientific and Industrial Research, P. 0. Box 52,Tamale. Ghana
The direct and indirect effects of groundnut physiological responses on seed yield were investigated with genotypes of a wide range of maturity periods in advanced replicated yield trials. The trials were conducted at four locations in the savanna zone of Ghana in the 1996 and 1997 cropping seasons. The objective of the trials was to enhance selection efticiency by concentrating on trials which increase seed yield. In 1996, 27 genotypes of groundnut of different maturity groups were grown. However, in 1997. 22 out of the 27 gellotypes used the previous year were used. The partitioning coefficient, crop growth rate. reproductive duration, shelling percentage, biological and seed yields were determined. The path coefficient analysis for both years indicates strong, direct effects of photo-assimilate partitioning to pods and crop growth rate on seed yield. The direct effect of reproductive duration was positive but relatively weak while the biological yield had negative direct effect on seed yield. The efticicncy of photo-assimilate partitioning to pods and crop growth rate in determining seed yield were assessed through a regression analysis for each year. This analysis showcd highly significant portions of the total variation of the two traits. The results suggest that long reproductive duration, slow crop growth rates, high biumass production. and low dry matter partitioning to puds do not match the ideotype of groundnut species adapted to 1110stof the ecologies of northern Ghana.
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