Investigation of the role of Aflatoxin in the instability of pistachio market in Iran.
2008
A`bd Ol-Lahi E`zzat Abadi, Mohammad | Mehrabi Boshr Abadi, Hossein | Javan Shah, Aman Ol-Lah | Doraki, Nader | Farbud, Farzad | Shaker Ardakani, Ahmad | Abareqi, Gholam Reza
Successful exporting is related to applying international standards. Aflatoxin standard is an important index of pistachio market. A lot of pistachio consignments are annually rejected because of existence of aflatoxin. This might resulted in market fluctuations. The role of aflatoxin in pistachio market instability was investigated, in this study. Mean and variance of pistachio price in two situations of existence and nonexistence of aflatoxin and farmers' willingness to pay for using sanitary standards in pistachios were measured. Results showed that export of Iranian pistachio to EU remained at the same level, during the study (2004 – 2007). As, total export of pistachio increased, the share of pistachio which exported to EU reduced. Although the weight of pistachio exported to EU was the same level, during 2004-7, rejected consignments from these countries reduced. Results also indicated that, the frequency of rejected pistachio exported to EU countries was less during autumn season, compared to total export. There was a negative correlation between the number of rejected pistachio consignments and the price of pistachio. This means, the rejection of pistachio has a negative effect on the pistachio price. Measuring willingness to pay for eliminating aflatoxin indicated that, on average, it is equal to 0.25 dollars per kilogram. But, it is equal to 0.43 dollars per kilogram for a relatively contaminated year such as 2005. Also, if all consignments are contaminated, the willingness to pay will be increased to 1.18 dollars per kilogram. Finally, for enhancing sanitary condition of pistachio market, it was proposed to promote early harvesting, to increase sanitary investigation of pistachio markets after it is sold by farmers and to internalized sanitary costs and receiving them from farmers, traders and others who are active in pistachio industry.
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