Effects of thirty years of continuous application of organic matter (Cattle manure with bark and crop residues) on yield and quality of upland crops in light colored andosol in Hokkaido [Japan]
2009
Nakatsu, S., Hokkaido. Tokachi Agricultural Experiment Station, Memuro (Japan) | Tamura, H.
Manure and crop residues have been applied to upland fields in a light colored Andosol in Hokkaido for a period of thirty years. The cropping system consisted of sugar beets, soy beans, spring wheat and potatoes. Changes in yield and quality of these crops in the third decade were investigated in relationship to the application rates of organic matter. Application of organic matter improved yields and the content of total nitrogen of all crops. Especially, yield and nitrogen uptake of sugar beets were obviously increased by application of organic matter. This was because sugar beets had a longer growth period and were able to utilize a greater amount of the nitrogen released from soil and applied organic matter. In case of soybeans, the influence of organic matter on yield and nitrogen content was not great; because nitrogen uptake depended mainly on root nodules. The sugar concentration of sugar beets and the starch concentration in potatoes were decreased by the increase of nitrogen supply with the application of organic matter. Protein concentration in wheat grains was positively correlated with the total nitrogen application rate. But, no significant correlation was found between protein concentration in soybean grains and the total nitrogen application rate. Nitrogen availability of cattle manure for sugar beets, wheat, potatoes and soybeans was estimated as 51%, 24%, 16% and 7%, respectively. Crop residues showed the similar order of nitrogen availability for the crops as the manure.
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