Investigations on the influence of long-term fertilization on wheat and sunflower yield and soil fertility in the Moldavian Plain [Romania]
2009
Ailincai, D. | Ailincai, C. | Zbant, M.
The investigations conducted in stationary experiments, at the Podu-Iloaiei Agricultural Research Station, which were set up in 1967, under non-irrigated, have followed the influence of mineral fertilization on wheat and sunflower yield and on the evolution of soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics. In bean-wheat-sunflower-wheat-maize crop rotation, applying mineral fertilizers during 2005-2008 has resulted in getting mean yield increases, which varied, according to rates, between 41 and 94% (767-178 kg/ha) in sunflower (N40P40-N120P80) and between 89 and 146% (1658-2718 kg/ha) in wheat (N80P80-N160P80). The mean yield increases, obtained for each kg of a.i. of applied fertilizer, were comprised between 8.4 and 8.9 kg in sunflower (N80P80-N120P80) and between 11.3 and 16.2 kg in wheat (N60P40- N160P80). On the Cambic Chernozem from the Moldavian Plain, a good supply in mobile phosphorus in bean-wheat-sunflower-wheat-maize crop rotation (47 mg/kg) was done at the annual application of a rate of N80P40, while a very good supply (93 mg/kg) was achieved at the rate of N160P100. After 41 years of experiences, in bean-wheat-sunflower-wheat-maize crop rotation, the content of organic carbon from soil has decreased by 22.5% (4.5 g/kg soil) at the unfertilized control, by 17.0% (3.4 g/kg soil) at the rate of N80P80 and by 13.5% (2.7 g/kg soil) at the rate of N120P80. After 41 years of experiences, in bean-wheat-sunflower-wheat-maize crop rotation, with high fertilizer rates (N160P80), the content of organic carbon from soil had close values to the initial ones, with a slight diminution of approximate 0.31 g/kg soil/year.
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