Developing yellow corn varieties and hybrids for soils with salinity problem in the Philippines
2009
Santos, P.J.A. | Descalsota, J.C. | Ladia, V.A., Philippines Univ. Los Baños, College, Laguna (Philippines). Inst. of Plant Breeding- Crop Science Cluster
One of the posing problems to agriculture is the increasing salinization of the existing crop production areas. In the Philippines alone, as much as 400,000 ha of the total land area is saline-affected and it could vastly increase due to climate change. Because maize remains a popular crop in these areas, efforts are under way to develop yellow corn varieties that can tolerate salinity. Greenhouse experiments using water culture were conducted to screen a pool of yellow corn varieties from the Cereals Breeding Section of the Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB). Initial results showed that increasing the salinity of the water culture from 2 dS/m (control) to either 3 dS/m or 6 dS/m significantly reduced root to shoot length, root and shoot biomass and total leaf area of the standard open-pollinated variety IPB Var7 after 14 days of exposure. Using the same method in another study involving twenty four open-pollinated varieties (OPVs), SW S003-1 No.No. (Phil 1-115) was observed to have the longest shoot and root, and heaviest shoot and root biomass. On the other hand, SW S003-2 No.No. (Phil 1-119), IPB composite 5, SYQ 11 (QPM) and IPB Var 7 were observed to have the lowest shoot and root lengths, shoot and root biomass. Results of the performance of the OPVs in water culture could indicate tolerance and susceptibility of these varieties to salinity. Field tests will be conducted to establish whether the results obtained from the water culture will be highly correlated to that from the field screening or not.
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