Embriogénesis somática de olivo
2008
Benzekri, H.
The olive is a difficult species to manipulate in vitro; however, it is possible to regenerate plants through somatic embryogenesis. During this process, embryo maturation constitutes a very important requirement for the subsequent plant conversion. In this work, the effects of maturation, medium components and culture conditions for the development of olive somatic embryos and their subsequent germination capacity, were studied. Embryogenic cell lines initiated from radicle segments of mature zygotic embryos of cultivar "Picual" were used. Components of the maturation medium affected the production of somatic embryos and their subsequent germination capacity. Sucrose concentration affected both, production of white-opaque somatic embryos and quality of the plants obtained, although it did not affect the regeneration potential. Higher production of total somatic embryos was observed with low concentrations of phytagel; nevertheless, embryo germination improved by increasing the concentration of this gelling agent. The presence of activated charcoal negatively affected the production of somatic embryos, independently of the developmental stage. ABA negatively affected the production of somatic embryos and, consequently, the regeneration potential. However, this growth regulator did not have any effect on embryo germination. Culture of embryos on filter paper had negative effects on embryogenic development; thus, in both types of filter paper, a lower number of total somatic embryos was produced, decreasing the regeneration potential. Finally, the way of culture (subculture of structures smaller than 2 mm or reculture of all the material) did not have drastic effects on the process of maturation, although more embryos germinated when the smallest structures were subcultured; nevertheless, these small structures gave rise to shorter shoots
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