Биологические особенности культуры чая в условиях влажных субтропиков России
2009
Belous, O.G.
Tea plant physiology is studied in the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory. Limiting factors and trace element influence on biochemical indices are determined. The main limiting factors are high air temperatures, precipitation and isolation level during vegetation for the zone of moist subtropics. The maximal water content in leaves (66.5-70.1%) is characterized for the period Apr-May, then it lowers (up to 40.1-43.6 %).The most catalase activity is fixed in the 1-4 leaves on a shoot (upon the average 93.8-107.1 mg O2/gram), while a leaf gets older the enzyme activity looses. The most green pigment content (upon the average 2.22 mg/g) is characterized for August and it falls down in 2.0-2.9 times from September till a new vegetation period. Carotenoids accumulate intensively in July-August (upon the average 0.75 mg/g) and in winter (0.73 mg/g). A range is developed for changes of water parameters of tea plants to compare and estimate the varieties by their resistance to drought. A strong correlation is determined for climate factors, water regime parameters (r=0.55-0.87) and catalase activity (r=-0.52- -0.79), that allows to use the data to characterize a functional status of the culture. Foliar application of Mn (r=-0.69) and Zn (r=-0.73) lowers concentration of cellular fluid of a tea flesh. Tea treatment by Mn, Zn, Fe increases significantly enzyme activity of the plants. A negative correlation is showed up between Zn, Mn and Fe treatment (r =-0.6-0.7 for the each one) and lowering of total yield of generative organs. Application of Mn and Zn stimulates growth and results in increase of a leaf area and crop performance by 11.7-25.3% (6 580 kg/ha) and increases thin fraction content in tea raw materials (r=0.59-0.71). Plant treatment by Cu (r=-0.68- 0.72), Mn (r=0.70-0.81) and Fe (r=0.69-0.82) results in tannin increase in raw materials by 3.08-3.57% (30.72% for untreated plants) and in extracted substances by 0.9-1.4% (41.6% for untreated plants). Thus, foliar treatment by trace elements stimulated growth and increases tea quality and crop performance.
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