Ecological, economic and energy effectiveness of resistant to scab apple varieties cultivation in commercial plantations of the Republic of Belarus | Эколого-экономическая и энергетическая эффективность выращивания высокоустойчивых к парше сортов яблони в промышленных насаждениях Републики Беларусь
2009
Leonovich, I.S. | Kostuchenko, T.M. | Khomyakov, V.K., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center for Potato, Vegetable and Fruit Growing (Belarus). Institute for Fruit Growing
In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were analyzed the results of growth and development of resistant to fungal diseases apple (Malus) trees varieties selected at the Institute for Fruit Growing (Belarus): Belorusskoe sladkoe; Nadzejny; Imant; and a prevalent variety Antey (control). Trees were grafted on vegetative propagated rootstock 57-545. Scheme of planting was 4.5 x 2 m (1110 trees/hectare). Orchard was planted by annual planting stock in 2000. For growth characteristics from study varieties the strongest growth was Imant, and then in a descending order - Belorusskoe sladkoe, Nadzejny, Antey. Varieties Nadzejny and Belorusskoe sladkoe were notable for productivity and growth (cross-sectional area of stem) factors ratio. Their productivity index was 5.43 and 4.24 kg/cm2 which can describe the given varieties as super-yielding and suitable for intensive technology cultivation. Origination of resistant to scab (Venturia inaequalis) apple varieties had large energy, economical and ecological value. Those varieties cultivation promoted the increasing of marketable products yield, decreasing fungicide spraying costs and damage from the environment pollution. Cultivation of resistant to scab apple varieties made it possible to reduce the production costs (labor inputs, remuneration of labor, fuels and lubricants costs, depreciation reserves, protective equipment and etc.) as compared with conventional cultivation technology because of correct variety selection promote intensive fruits production using material and energy resources more efficiently and economically.
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