Effects of ventilation, nitrogen and potassiumon on growth and quality of melon in solar greenhouse | 通风与氮钾肥对温室甜瓜生长及品质的影响

Chino. 探讨温室不同通风环境下，氮钾肥施用量对甜瓜品质和产量的影响。以厚皮甜瓜为试验材料，采用盆栽试验研究3种不同通风环境（TL:通风量90%；TM：通风量50%；TT:通风量10%）下，不同氮、钾肥施用水平（高水平：N 18.4 g/株+K2O 25 g/株；中水平：N 13.8 g/株+K2O 20 g/株；低水平：N 9.2 g/株+K2O 15 g/株）对温室甜瓜植株生长及果实品质的影响。在TT环境下，中水平施肥的甜瓜植株茎粗、叶面积最大，单果质量最高；高水平施肥甜瓜果实糖含量最高。在TL环境下，低水平施肥甜瓜果实可溶性固形物含量最高，但可溶性蛋白质含量最低。在TM环境下，中水平施肥甜瓜果实VC含量最高。3种通风环境下，3种施肥处理的甜瓜叶片全K含量均呈上升趋势；高水平和低水平施肥处理甜瓜叶片全N含量呈下降趋势，但中水平施肥处理在定植后45 d内全N含量上升。秋季温室甜瓜生产中，在通风量为10%、日平均气温较高、单株施肥量为N 13.8 g+K2O 20 g的条件下，甜瓜品质和单果质量均较高。

Inglés. In order to improve yield and quality of muskmelon, the optimum amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilization under the different ventilations in greenhouse was studied. With muskmelon as teset material, the effects of the different fertilization amounts of nitrogen and potassium on growth and quality of muskmelon under the three different ventilation environments (TL: ventilation rate 90%, TM: ventilation rate 50%, TT: ventilation rate 10%) were studied by using pot culture. The stem diameter, leaf area and the quality reached the maximum under the conditions of the TT ventilation and moderate fertility (N 13.8 g/plant+K2O 20 g/plant), and sugar content of the fruit reached the maximum under these conditions and high fertility (N 18.4 g/plant+K2O 25 g/plant). The soluble solid content of the fruit reached the maximum under the conditions of the TL ventilation and the low fertility, but the content of soluble protein was the lowest. The vitamin C content of the fruit reached the maximum under the conditions of the TM ventilation and the mderate feritility. The absorption of the K elements showed rising trend under the three ventilation conditions and the three fertilizer treatments in melon’s leaf. The absorption of the N elements showed downward trend under the treatment of the high and low fertility, but a rising trend after 45 days. In autumn, the yield and quality of msukmelon are improved under such conditions as fertilizer rate N 13.8 g/plant+K2O 20 g/plant, ventilation; and 10% higher daily average temperature.