The study of Teucrium polium L. essential oil quantity and its changes by Ecologycal factors.

Teucrium polium L. is one of the medicinal and aromatic species in Iran which its active components are used as anti-microbial and anti-fungal agents in hygienic and cosmetic industries. The research evaluated the effects of the ecological factors on quantity of the essential oils and its active components and was carried from 2004 - 2007 in Isfahan province. In this survey the habitats of this plant and its ecological characteristics including: soil, geology, plant types and climatic factors were studied. The essential oil quantities of the samples were measured at Fozveh Research Station. The results of this study showed that the geographical characteristics of growing habitats of this species were including: the altitude 1095 to 2455 m, the longitude 50,22 to 55,10, the latitude 31¡12 to 33¡52, the surface slopes 2-60% , different directions on the steppic, semi-steppic and semi_ desert climates with the precipitation of 100-600 mm. The plant is tolerance to the minimum temperature of -30 degrees centigrade and to the maximum of 48 degrees centigrade. This species grows nearly in all kind of soil textures. The content of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorous in growing soils are very low but the soil contains have different amounts of Potasium from low to high from region to another region. The pH of soil was moderately alkaline with not significant salinity. This species grows in calcareous soils. The analysis on the essential oil content in 2005 and 2007 showed that the essential oil production in Ghohroud (1,3%) and Anarak (1,3%) were the highest. In 2006 in different regions, there was not any significant difference for essential oil quantities. In the farm condition, the Anarak and Arousane- korehgaz accessions produced the highest amount of essential oils 1,36% and 1,22% in 2006 and 2007 respectively. The data analysis on the essential oil constituents under the naturally condition ٥;٩ showed that the highest content of β-caryophyllene occurred in the essential oil of Semirom region(47%).The highest contents of thymol, α-pinene and β-pinene occurred in the essential oils of Chadegan(4%) and Haftooman (20% and 7,6%) regions respectively. The analysis on the essential oil constituents under the farm condition showed that the highest content of β- caryophyllene occurred in Cahdegan (36%), for thymol in Chadegan (2,1%), for α-pinene in Haftooman(9,3%), for β-pinene in Aroosan-Koorehgaz (5,3%) rigions respectively. According to the results, the maximum quantities of essential oil production under the natural condition and also the highest stability of essential oil production under the farm condition within the period of study Ghohroud, Anarak, Haftoman and Ghamishloo accessions, these plants could be the best accessions for cultivation in the similar conditions.The most important components in this species were β-caryophyllene and thymol.For β-caryophyllene production, Semirom and Chadegan accessions and for thymol production, Chadegan accession are the best options. About the other components, the best accessions and regions could be selected via achieved results. Also this plant has no considerable growing limitation regarding to different geographical directions, slops, longitude, latitude, air temperature, soil texture and structure, but the quantity of precipitation, geological condition and soil salinity are the main factors which limit its habitation.