Screening plants for nitric oxide synthase inhibitory activity
2004
D.A. Israf | Syahida A. | Faridah A. | A.M. Salleh | Khozirah S. | N.H. Lajis, Putra Malaysia Univ. (UPM), 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor (Malaysia). Institute of BioScience
Local and systemic inflammation is characterized by the overproduction of nitric oxide (NO). In most instances, the source of this NO is the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS). The expression of iNOS, which has been demonstrated in activated macrophages and in a variety of other cell types in inflammation, serves to fight invading microorganisms. However, NO produced by iNOS also can exert a variety of autocrine cytotoxic effects. Selective inhibition of iNOS and its biosynthetic product NO, has been shown to suppress inflammation in a variety of inflammatory states. NO released from cells can be detected and quantified photometrically as its stable product, nitrite, by a simple colourimetric reaction (Griess reaction). A total of 40 methanolic plant extracts were tested for in vitro NO inhibitory activity in the murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 following triggering of iNOS with both bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5ug/ml) and int erferon-gamma (IPN-gamma, 100 U/ml). Seven plant species showed inhibitory activity without concomitant cytotoxicity. Walsura pinnata, Chisocheton erythrocarpus, Melicope subunifoliolata, Clausena excavata, Melicope ptelefolia and Persicaria tenella showed strong inhibitory activity (inhibition greater than or equal to 70%) while Kopsia dasyrachis was moderately active (inhibition greater than or equal to 50-69%). These findings are new and therefore these plants make good candidates for further isolation of bioactive compounds for anti-inflammatory drug development.
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