Breeding rice for deepwater and flood-prone areas of Thailand
2009
Sommut, W. | Kupkanchanakul, K | Charoendham, P | Promnart, U | Nuchsawasdi, S
Rainfed rice in Thailand accounted for approximately 88 of the total cultivated rice area and 79% of total production in 2004. Fld-prone rice (FPR),one of the rainfed rice ecosystems,accounts for 4.7% of total cultivated area, 5.4% of rainfed rice area, and 1.4 million tons of rice production annually. The cultivation system has changed somewhat from monocropping of FPR varieties in the wet season to double cropping, primarily due to the expansion of irrigation infrastructure. However, monocropping of FPRs till predominates. Breeding for FPR in Thailand was strengthened with the establishment of collaboration with the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) during 1991 to 2004. With the Prachinburi Rice Research Center (PRRC) and Huntra Rice Experiment Station (HTA)a s key sites, collaborative activities involved exchange of germplasm and capacity building through degree and nondegree training and workshops. Breeding followed included enhancing genetic variation by effective collection evaluation,and use of rice germplasm,hybridlzatlon, and selectlon, screening for biotic and abiotics stresses, the use of rapid Generation advance (RGA) to shorten progeny selection time, screening of F2-F3 populations under natural flooding In farmers fields prior to replicated yield testing, a farmer participation in multilocation yield trials. More than 1,000 crosses were made and hundreds of breeding lines were tested by collaborators.Some lines were elevated to replicated yield trials and a number have been tested under acid-sulfates oil conditions, with a few lines in the process of being released. Three Thai varieties have also been released in Cambodia and five varieties, including two new plant type FPR, were release in Thailand. Training activities and workshops were held at, PRRC and three Scientists received doctoral degree from the University of the Philippines Los Baños under IRRIs sponsorship.
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