Influence of bioaerosol emitted from poultry farm on health workers | Утицај биоаеросола са фарме живине на здравље радника
2011
Јанковић, Љ., Факултет ветеринарске медицине, Београд (Serbia) | Раденковић-Дамњановић, Б., Факултет ветеринарске медицине, Београд (Serbia) | Pintaric, S., Veterinarska fakulteta, Ljubljana (Slovenia) | Dobeic, M., Veterinarska fakulteta, Ljubljana (Slovenia) | Ђорђевић, М., Факултет ветеринарске медицине, Београд (Serbia) | Пешић, Б., Факултет ветеринарске медицине, Београд (Serbia)
Modern intensive poultry farming is based on confined system with densely kept birds. Condition and health of confined poultry depends on simulation of optimal living conditions i.e. temperature, humidity; and by strict application of biosecurity measures. Densely stocked poultry sheds allow accumulation and distribution of feed and excrement born microorganisms in aerosols. Beside microbial content poultry shed bioaerosols contain feather debris, food fragments, fecal particles and beddings. The composition of bioaerosols from poultry sheds varies during the production cycle. Airborne microorganisms and their products present in bioaerosols are causative agents of allergic diseases like asthma and chronic bronchitis, while bacterial endotoxins if inhaled can generate acute disease similar to influenza in humans. Fungal content of bioaerosols present considerable immune challenge for humans and are well known cause of allergic diseases and slow deterioration of human pulmonary function. Poultry sheds, especially if deep bedding is operational, are frequently harboring and allowing development of thermophilic fungi like Aspergillus fumigatus well known for causing lung infection in humans. Presence of mites only adds to the risk of development respiratory allergies in humans. Poultry farm workers can totally inhale over 10 mg/ml of air and over 1 billion CFU/cubic meter of bacteria per single regular activity in the sheds. The amount of endotoxin inhaled can vary from 30,000 to 38,000 EU/cubic meter depending upon the activity performed. It is not possible to predict which and how many different materials can be present in bioaerosols since the amount of dust can be very high with very few bacteria present, and in the other occasion the bacteria count can be extremely high with few fungi. The evaluation of health of the workers exposed to extremely high quantity of dust, endotoxins, bacteria, fungi and fungal spores dissolved in the air in the chicken sheds revealed frequent allergic diseases and respiratory disturbances in humans.
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