Anthrax - yesterday, today, tomorow | Антракс (Anthrax) - јуче, данас..сутра

Anthrax is disease known before new era and is described as disease of which huge number of goats, sheep, horses and other animals’ dies. Appearance and spreading of anthrax in non-contagious, by type it is classic chain infection and it appears in smaller enzootias. Anthrax is spreaded around the world and it is characterized by stationarity – forming districts (soil infection) where disease exists long-term with occasional outbreaks (spring-autumn, connected with grazing and return to stable management, and work injuries also). Wrong diagnostic and non-diagnostic of this disease and no reporting complicates estimations of real anthrax incidence in world. It is most often seen in agriculture regions with neutral, alkaline and rocky soil. In these regions, anthrax appears periodically as epizootia among receptive domestic and wild animals. Such outbreaks are connected with floods, droughts, earthquakes or other soil changes, which means that many years can go between first and next outbreak, also. During the period of 1930-1960, on territory of ex SFRY, was 20.000 human diseased, where 1.300 died. There was about double more diseased animals. Disease was relatively often. Epizootiological data (SFRY) that refer to earlier period of time show that disease had stationary outbreaks in Sjenicko-Pesterska plateau, regions of Nis, Kolubara, Srem, and middle Banat, areas of Romanija, Herzegovina, Medjumurje, Istra, middle Slavonija, etc. Anthrax outbreaks in the Republic of Serbia are registered in several enzootias during last 10 years. Control of this disease is conducted trough vaccination programs, fast recognition and reporting, quarantine, treatment of animals with no symptoms (prophylaxis after infection exposure) and burning and burial of corps of suspicious and died animals. In breeding animals, anthrax can be successfully controlled by implementation of yearly vaccination of all receptive animals in enzootic area and by implementation of control measures during epizootias. In Europe today, except VI Zemun, no one produces vaccine against anthrax any longer, because of bio-safety conditions needed for production and control of this vaccine. In VI Zemun, vaccine against anthrax is produced from Stem-type since 1953 (since year 1985, is known under commercial name ANTRAVET). Most authors find that this vaccine had contributed anthrax outbreak reduction in many countries.