The state of ecosystem, quality and safety of the carp meat (Cyprinus carpio) from aquaculture during farming | Stanje ekosistema, kvalitet i bezbednost mesa šarana (Cyprinus carpio) iz akvakulture u toku uzgoja

Production of food from aquaculture provides approx. 40% of the world population needs for fish. Demand for fish from aquaculture is increasing because fish ponds, in most cases, are located away from big industrial polluters, and in this way contamination of fish by antropogene pollutants from the environment is reduced to the minimum. Objective of this paper was monitoring of the contamination/pollution of the fish pond eco system, quality and safety of carp meat (Cyprinus carpio) from aquaculture during fish farming. State of pollution of eco system, in this case of water and sediment/sludge, by chemical and microbiological contaminants reflects directly on quality of aquaculture products. Production of high quality and hygienically compliant fish, which is free from chemical, microbiological and other contaminants, is the principal requirement in production. In this paper, the content of trace and macro elements (Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn) in fish pond sludge was investigated. In the water of the eco system for fish farming, concentrations of trace and macro elements were determined (Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn), also of organo-chlorine pesticides (gama- HCH, alfa- HCH, beta- HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlorine, cis- and trans- heptachlorepoxide, p,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD, endrin, HCB, alfa- and gama- chlordane were determined. Also, in same water samples congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls were determined (IUPAC numbers 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180). During one year of carp farming, in fish fillets the following was determined: chemical composition, content of trace and macro elements, of organo-chlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and veterinary drugs (antibiotics, nitroimidazoles, metabolites of nitrofurans, quinolones, benzimidazoles and macro-cyclic lactones). Results showed that fish farmed under controlled conditions has constant quality, i.e. it is not characterized by variations in chemical composition. Content of elements in the sludge directly reflects on concentration of those elements in the water. The highest content in the sludge, but also the highest concentration in the water was determined for iron and manganese. Maximum residual limits of organo-chlorinated pesticides, poly-chlorinated biphenyls, toxic elements, as laid down in the rulebook, in investigated carp samples during farming and also samples of marketable carp were not exceeded. Content of veterinary drugs in samples of table/marketable carp was bellow detection limit for each investigated compound.