Эколого-географические аспекты сельхозпроизводства
2010
Rakovetskaya, L.I., Lomonosov Moscow State Univ. (Russian Federation)
The problem of ecological balance maintaining is factor complicating agriculture management under present-day conditions. New economic mechanism of nature management should be created for solving this problem. The classification of agricultural anthropogenic load (AAL) is developed thereupon. Six kinds of AAL are identified. There are economical, agrochemical, amelioration, mechanical, livestock AAL and index of agricultural industry intensity. The maximal AAL level is typical for steppe and forest-steppe regions, for suburbs of Moscow and St. Petersburg and for certain areas of Karelia and Murmansk region. It is proved that agrochemical AAL is cause of most critical ecological problems. Maximal application rates of mineral fertilizers are employed in crop farming of high intensity in Moscow and Leningrad regions. Pesticides on a large scale are used in Northern Caucasus and in Lipetsk, Kursk and Belgorod regions. All regions of Russia were divided into 5 groups on the base of complex AAL estimation. The high levels of all AAL indices are characteristic for 1st group. The relatively high levels of mechanical and agrochemical AAL is typical for 2nd group. In subsequent groups levels of AAL and agricultural farming intensity gradually decrease. Conclusion is that level of AAL can be used as the base of choose of optimal nature management trend and for prognosis of agricultural industry intensification possibility because index ALL helps take into consideration actual negative situation in agriculture.
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