Effect of chernozem contamination with lead and mineral oil on the growth and development of winter wheat | Влияние загрязнения чернозема обыкновенного свинцом и нефтью на рост и развитие озимой пшеницы
2010
Kolesnikov, S.I. | Zharkova, M.G., Southern Federal Univ., Rostov-on-Don (Russian Federation)
Field experiments were done in 2007-2008 at Rostov-on-Don Botanical Garden. Effects of chernozem (CH) pollution by Pb and petroleum on growth and development of winter wheat (WW) plants were studied. The soil was loamy, of pH 7.7; humus content was 4.1%. A background content of Pb in the soil was 15.3 mg/kg (maximum permissible concentration for Russia is 32 mg/kg). Lead was added to soil at doses of 25, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg in a form of oxide PbO that was levigated in a mortar, mixed with the soil and distributed in a layer of 0-20 cm. Oil was added by irrigation. Pollution of soil, even by substantial doses of Pb (1000 mg / kg) almost had no effect on morphometric parameters of vegetative organs of the WW. At the same time indexes of generative organs and grain yield decreased in 3 times. Oil influenced negatively in minimum doses on development of vegetative and generative organs of WW. Oil at a content of 10% inhibited completely development of WW plants. Pollution of soil by Pb caused its accumulation in plant biomass. Displacement of Pb from vegetative organs to grain increased in 1.3-4.4 times in the polluted soil. It has been concluded that the Pb content of 25 mg/kg and oil content of 0.25% by weight of soil in CH can not be considered environmentally safe (allowable) because of violations of plant growth and development and of large amount income of Pb into grain and straw.
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