Effect of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide and aluminum oxide on some morphophysiological characteristics of plants | Влияние наночастиц диоксида титана и оксида алюминия на морфофизиологические параметры растений

Inglés. The effect of nanoparticles (NP) on morphometric parameters of plant beans, wheat and amaranth (AM), the content of chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids, as well as amaranthine was under study. Before sowing the seeds of control plants were soaked in distilled water: beans– for 2 days, wheat, and AM – within 1 day. Seeds of test plants were soaked in a similar way in aqueous suspensions of NP of TiO2, the size of 5 nm, and Al2O3, the size of 7 nm, in concentrations, respectively, 8.9 mg/l and 5.5 mg/l. During the experiment, the developing plants were sprayed twice: in the 18-day-old suspension of NP with a concentration of 8.7 mg/l of TiO2 and 7 mg/l of Al2O3 and in the 27-day one – with the concentration of NP of 9.5 mg/l and 3.5 mg/l, respectively. In the same period, control plants were sprayed with water. In 21-day-old control and experimental plants the height of the stem was measured. At the age of 30 days in all plants the content of green and yellow pigments was determined, and in AM, additionally, the amaranthine content. In wheat, after maturation the length and the weight of the spike and the number and the weight of grains in the ear were measured, and the yield was estimated. The ambiguity of the impact of NP on the growth parameters, chlorophyll content a, b and carotenoids in these culture was revealed. A string bean is the most resistant to the action of these NP on morphological and physiological parameters. Seedlings of wheat plants under examination, not differing in growth rate from the control samples. It identified specific changes in their parameters: the stability of the photosynthetic pigments, increasing productivity, improving the structure of crop plants in TiO2-group, and, conversely, a significant increase in photosynthetic activity in plants in Al2O3-group, which was not accompanied by changes in crop yields. Growth inhibition of AM plants and the subsequent significant increase in the content of amaranthine observed under the influence of NP show a high sensitivity of AM and their specific role in stimulating the biosynthesis amaranthine. These NP are equally ineffective on plants beans. In wheat and AM NP of TiO2 cause more noticeable changes than NP of Al2O3.

Ruso. Изучено влияние водных суспензий наночастиц TiO2 (размером 5 нм) и Al2O3(размером 7 нм) в различных концентрациях на растения фасоли обыкновенной,пшеницы мягкой яровой, амаранта багрянец в различных концентрациях. Выявлено неоднозначное воздействие наночастиц на рост и развитие изученных растений, а также содержание хлорофиллов a, b и каротиноидов в листьях. Установлено, что наиболее устойчивой культурой к действию данных наночастиц является фасоль.Растения пшеницы характеризуются выраженной избирательной чувствительностью к исследованным наночастицам, что определяет специфику изменений физиологических показателей, в том числе повышение урожайности у растений после воздействия суспензией наночастиц TiO2. Значительное повышение содержания амарантина, наблюдаемое при воздействии наночастиц TiO2 и Al2O3, свидетельствует о высокой чувствительности амаранта и о специфической роли наночастиц в стимулировании биосинтеза амарантина.