Breeding of restorer of radish cytoplasmic male sterile lines in rapeseed （brassica napus L.） | 甘蓝型油菜萝卜质雄性不育恢复系的选育

Chino. 摘　　要：为了获得甘蓝型油菜萝卜细胞质雄性不育（Cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS）高含油量双低品质恢复系,以Ougra-CMS不育胞质杂交种Oug-F1（S（Rfrf））为不育基因和恢复基因供体,高含油量双低亲本D89-44（N（rfrf）为受体,通过杂交、多代回交以及最后自交对恢复基因进行了定向转育。在F1代和每一回交世代中,首先以不育基因特异引物P2和恢复基因特异引物P5在苗期进行辅助选择,对选出的S（Rfrf）基因型单株在最大花蕾长度为1～2mm和临开花期分别喷施7mg/L和5mg/L的化学杂交剂SX-1各一次,诱导其完全生理型雄性不育,并与受体系回交。经过连续4代回交选择后得到S（Rfrf）植株并自交,把恢复基因（Rf）定向导入高含油量轮回亲本中。结果表明,应用化学杂交剂SX-1可诱导S（Rfrf）基因型植株产生完全的雄性不育性,同时,通过优化分子标记辅助选择体系,建立了高效、快速跟踪甘蓝型油菜萝卜细胞质不育恢复基因的方法,提高了杂交效率;获得了与受体亲本农艺性状一致、品质性状接近一致且含有萝卜细胞质不育恢复基因的恢复系S（RfRf）,暂命名为D89-44-Rf,从而为甘蓝型油菜超高含油量杂种的选育奠定了基础。

Inglés. In order to obtain restorers of radish cytoplasmic male sterile lines in Brassica napus with high oil content and double-low quality traits, Oug-F1 of B. napus L. was used as donor, which carries Ougra-CMS cytoplasm and restorer gene （its genotype was S（Rfrf））, the parental line D89-44 as receptor, which has normal cytoplasm of rapeseed, with high oil content, lower erucic acid, low glucosinolate contents and excellent economical characters （its genotype is N（rfrf））, directional transferring method was conducted to transfer Rf gene into receptor line D89-44 through hybridization between Oug-F1 （donor） and D89-44 line （receiver） followed by multiple backcrossing. The molecular marker assisted selection （AMS） was performed using specefic prime P2 for sterility gene and P5 for restorer gene in every backcrossing and inbred generation, selected plants as female parent for backcrossing with receptor line D89-44 were sprayed with 7 mg/L of chemical hybrid agent （CHA） SX-1 at later mononuclear pollen stage with 1~2 mm long flower bud and 5 mg/L at near blooming, respectively. The results showed that application of CHA SX-1 induced complete male sterility of selected plant and improved hybridization efficiency. Selected restorer D89-44-Rf of RCMS lines have similar agronomic traits and quality traits with D89-44. Therefore, the established procedure can be applied in high oil content and double-low quality breeding and genetic improvement of rapeseed.