Effects of shading on yield index and biochemical components of tea in hilly tea plantation | 遮光对丘陵茶园茶叶产量指标和内含生化成分的影响

Chino. 摘　　要：选用‘碧香早’和‘福大61’2个茶树品种作为试验对象,采用遮光率为（50±3）%的黑色、绿色和银白色遮阳网为遮光材料,以不遮光为对照（CK）,研究不同颜色遮阳网遮光对丘陵地区茶树产量指标和主要生化成分的影响。结果表明：春季不同茶树品种经遮光后可增加百芽重,但与对照间差异不显著;夏季‘碧香早’和‘福大61’经黑色遮光处理后百芽重均显著高于对照。不同颜色遮阳网对芽密度和新梢含水量影响幅度的大小顺序为：黑色、绿色和银白色。不同季节黑色遮阳网遮光能显著增加茶叶氨基酸和咖啡碱含量,降低茶多酚含量和酚氨比。春季‘碧香早’和‘福大61’经黑色遮光处理氨基酸含量分别比对照高6.56%和21.78%,夏季分别比对照高15.76%和19.66%;春季茶多酚含量分别比对照低29.68%和24.91%,夏季分别比对照低5.59%和13.15%;春季酚氨比分别比对照低33.95%和38.67%,夏季分别比对照低18.39%和27.69%;春季咖啡碱含量分别比对照高8.08%和6.07%,夏季分别比对照高10.61%和7.98%。以上结果表明,黑色遮光处理有利于茶树体内氮代谢,抑制碳代谢,从而提高茶叶鲜爽度,降低茶叶苦涩味,改善茶叶品质。

Inglés. This paper was aimed at discussing the effects of shading with different color nets on yield index and main biochemical components of tea plants.Three selected colors（black,green and silver white）with shading intensity of（50±3）% were taken and non-shading was used as control,and the tea varieties of＇Bixiangzao＇and＇Fuda 61＇were employed.Results showed that 100-bud weight of the tea varieties were improved under the shading nets in spring,but the impacts of that was not significant compared to the control;While＇Bixiangzao＇and＇Fuda 61＇were significantly higher than the non-shading under the black nets in summer.Bud density and shoot water content of tea plants were highest under black,then under green and silver white successively.In different seasons,the use of black net significantly increased amino acids（AA）and caffeine contents,while it reduced the tea polyphenol（TP）contents and the TP/AA ratio.In comparison with the non-shading,the black net increased the AA contents of＇Bixiangzao＇and＇Fuda 61＇by 6.56% and 21.78% in spring,and 15.76% and 19.66% in summer,respectively.Meanwhile,the TP contents dropped by 29.68% and 24.91% in spring,and 5.59% and 13.15% in summer,respectively.The TP/AA ratio was significantly less than the control by 33.95% and 38.67% in spring,and 18.39% and 27.69% in summer.The caffeine content increased by 8.08% and 6.07% in spring,and 10.61% and 7.98% in summer,respectively.It was suggested that shading under the black nets could facilitate nitrogen metabolism and restrain carbon metabolism of tea plants which improved tea quality by improving briskness and reducing the bitter taste.