Antibacterial Activities of Bryophytes
2010
Shirzadian, Saeed, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection | Afshari Azad, Homayoun
In order to study the in vitro antibacterial (bactericidal) activities of bryophyte, a research project on this topic was performed during 2006-2010. Since chemical compounds present in these plants are still remained unknown in Iran, therefore, 43 bryophyte specimens (mosses & liverworts) were freshly collected, washed, dry-powdered and then extracted in different solvents including water (raw and boiled), methanol, ethanol, acetone and petroleum ether. Among these solvents, the broadest spectrum of their inhibitory effects on some plant pathogenic bacteria, was mainly shown by the ethanolic and water extracts derived from 11 bryophyte species (for detail, refer to the Persian text). Both fresh and dried bryophyte specimens were, therefore, extracted with these two solvents and their impacts were then successfully examined against six pathogenic bacteria, namely, Erwinia amylovora, Pectobacterium carotovora, Rhizobium tumefaciens, Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas malvacearum and X. citri. The preliminary results of three different performed methods (injection of extract into agar well, paper disc, and agar medium mixed with extract) showed that, the paper disc method proved to be a more reliable and even easier than the other two. Dried specimen extracts on their impact point of view on one hand, were similar to the ethanolic fresh specimen extracts and the aqueous extracts of the same specimen extracts on the other hand, showed lesser inhibitory effects. This is interesting to note that, none of the extract showed negative effects on X. malvacearum.
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