Determination of Amino Acids Profile and Non Starch Polysaccharides (NSPs) in Nine Sorghum Grain Varieties in Comparison of Corn, Wheat and Barley

This study was conducted to determine of amino acids (AA) profile and non starch polysaccharides (NSPs) of different sorghum grain (SG) varieties in comparison of corn, wheat and barley were grown in Iran. So nine SG varieties along with corn, wheat and barley were planted at the same condition and after seed harvesting, their proximate analysis, AA and NSPs were determined. The results showed that the amounts of AAs for nine SG varieties, especially those are the limiting AAs for poultry, are considered to vary significantly. Among SG varieties, the No.4 & 5 for most essential amino acids were higher than the other varieties, except for Threonine which No 2 & 7 were placed before two last varieties. Also for Lysine and Tryptophan SG 4 was placed in the third and SG 5 in the sixth category, respectively. The highest standard deviation belonged to Glutamic acid (Std=0.32), SG 5 with 3.27% and SG 3 with 2.35% had the highest and the lowest Glutamic acid, respectively.SG varieties compared to the other grains( corn, wheat and barley) were rich in most AAs. All essential AAs for corn was lower than SG varieties, wheat and barley, except two SG varieties had lower Lysine and Cystine than corn. The first and the second limiting AAs for SG varieties were Methionine (0.198%) and Cystine (0.228%), respectively. For corn Methionine (0.117%) and tryptophan (0.137%), for wheat tryptophan (0.120%) and Methionine (0.176%) and for barley Methionine (0.165%) and Histidine (0.187%), were the first and the second limiting AAs, respectively. NSPs levels in SG varieties were different and glucose was dominant (4.32%). Xylose (1.44%) and Arabinose (1.17%) belong to pentose group, after the glucose were formed the large section of NSPs in SG varieties. SG 6 had the lowest (6.13%) and SG 3 had the highest (9.77%) NSPs. Total NSPs for SG varieties was 7.17 percent, which was lower than the three other grains. Barley had the highest NSPs (11.5%) and after that, wheat and corn had 8.97 and 7.43 percent NSPs, respectively. Overall, high differences were found for AAs profile and NSPs level among SG varieties and the others cereals.