Agrotikes metavoles stin Tourkiki Dimocratia: Martyries kai ermineies, 1923-1970.
1985
Margulies R. | Yildizoglou E.
The paper starts with a brief outline of the Ottoman system of land tenure. Two of its features are identified as important elements of the system inherited by the Republic: The predominance of small, owner-cultivated holdings and the considerable extent of commodity production. The period up to World War 2 initially saw the resumption and expansion of agricultural production for export along the pattern established in the late Ottoman period. The state strongly promoted export agriculture until the Great Depression forced a change toward import-substituting industrialisation. This called for the creation of a transferable surplus in the agricultural sector and self-sufficiency in foodcrops. Thus, emphasis shifted from the export farmer to the small, central-Anatolian cereals farmer, with policies designed to bring fully within the orbit of market relations. After the war, state came under pressure both from the U.S.A. and from domestic urban and rural merchant capital to promote an open economy with a liberal foreign trade regime and to revitalize agrarian production in order to boost both foreign and domestic trade. State agrarian policies in the areas of mechanization, pricing and credit had a drastic impact leading to a doubling of cultivated area, a rise in productivity and a large increase in output. A substantial domestic market was created as commercial production thoroughly penetrated the agricultural sector. The rapid import - substitution industrialization of the 1960s was based upon this market. Throughout this period, 80 to 90% of all holdings were smaller than 10 ha. and a similar proportion were owner-cultivated.
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