Temperature effects on infection and mortality of Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvae by two entomopathogenic nematode species.
1996
Henneberry T.J. | Jech L.F. | Burke R.A. | Lindegren J.E.
Steinernema riobravis Cabanillas, Poinar and Raulston infected pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), larvae over a temperature range of 15.6-38.0 degrees C. At temperatures >21.0 degrees C, mortality occurred in 24-72 h, but substantial mortality at 15.6 degrees C did not occur until 2-6 d later. In some cases, temperatures of 35.6 and 38.0 degrees C pink bollworm larval mortality by S. riobravis and S. carpocapsae (Weiser) was lower than temperatures ranging from 21.0 to 32.2 degrees C. The adverse effects on efficacy were greater for S. carpocapsae than for S. riobravis. Temperatures of 32.2 degrees C and higher and exposure for 48 h or more often resulted in decreased numbers of nematode killed larvae with living nematodes and increased numbers of dead larvae with dead or no nematodes.
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