Effect of culture media on callus induction and plant regeneration in anther culture of some rice varieties.

This study attempted to compare callus induction and green plant regeneration of three indica parents, one japonica parent, and six F1 crosses, and of the effect of callus induction medium on E10P20 and E10 to determine whether there is broad adaptation on genotypes used in the study. The study also attempted to determine the influence of callus induction medium on green plant regeneration, and the effects of abscisic acid and silver nitrate on green plant regeneration. There was a significant interaction between the media and genotypes used. Different genotypes showed different callus formation in both media. Three indica parents showed higher callus induction on E10 medium. Six F1 crosses showed high callus induction on both media. Calli in E10 medium changed into dark color within ten days whereas there was an inverse effect in E10P20 medium. Abscisic acid was pronounced in seven out of ten genotypes tested in terms of calli giving green plants where calli induced in E10P20 medium. In comparison abscisic acid enhanced calli giving green plants only in four out of ten genotypes tested where calli were induced in E10 medium. Abscisic acid also enhanced green plant production with calli induced in both medium. Calli giving green plants were highest at zero level of silver nitrate. It gradually declined with increasing silver nitrate level with calli induced both in E10P20 and E10. This was true with green plant production. The study revealed that the number of regenerated green plants and the number of calli giving green plants were influenced by calli induction medium and genotype. Choosing a suitable induction medium, therefore, is one of the key measures that will raise inducing frequency of green shoots of rice. There were no linear relationships between callus induction and green plant regeneration.