Respuesta de cinco cultivares de soya (Glycine max (L) Merril) a cinco formulas de fertilizacion en Valdivia.
1991
Farga V Alvaro
This study was carried out to assess the adaptation, oil and grain yield response of five early soja (Glycine max (L.) cultivars to five fertilizer formulations for a late spring sowing under the Valdivia dry barren land conditions. It was sown on a volcanic transitional clayish soil with mid to low nitrogen fertility, mid to phosphorous and medium to high potassium content, with a climate similar to maritime, and a mean temperature of 16C during the experiment. A Latin Square design was used, variance analysis and Tuckey's test were applied to statistical data. Cultivars had different maturity groups (M.G.): Traff MG 000, Maple Arrow 00, Evans 0, Hardin I, Weber I-II. Seeds were provided by ANAGRA and the INIA-PLATINA Oilseed Programme. Three fertility levels (were tested) in five different NPK formulations (N:P:K = 50:75:0; 0:75:50; 50:100:50; 50:150:75 and 100:225:75). The sources were: Urea, Potassium Sulphate and Triple Superphosphate, were tested. A seed rate of 80 kg seed per hectare was used. Harvest was done 158 days from sowing, with 15% humidity. To assess response of cultivars nine variables were considered of agronomical interest, of which grain yield and direct components, grain oil content and grain yield were fundamental. Experimental data showed that the cultivars were of similar adaptation and their grain and oil yields were dissimilar, cultivar Maple Arrow being the best adapted and with the best yield response both in grain and fat matter to fertilization, and Weber the worst cultivar for these conditions. Best fertilizations corresponded to rates 3, 4 and 5, rate 3 being the best under the experiment conditions. It is concluded that if high fat matter yields are expected, is prioritary to select a cultivar that made possible to obtain high grain yields, in this way securing a good fat matter yield.
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