Transgenic indica rice for the benefit of less developed countries: toward fungal, insect, and viral resistance and accumulation of beta-carotene in the endosperm.
1996
Potrykus I. | Armstrong G.A. | Beyer P. | Bieri S. | Burkhardt P.K. | Ding Chen H. | Ghosh Biswas G.C. | Datta S.K. | Futterer J. | Kloti A. | Spangenberg G. | Terada R. | Wunn J. | Zhao H.
Indica rice provides the staple food for more than 2 billion poor in developing countries. In humid and semihumid Asia where rice is the basic food, the population is expected to increase by 58% over the next 35 yr. Increased yields to meet the demand for more food may come from reducing the present 40% harvest losses attributed to biotic and abiotic stresses. We focus on developing disease and insect resistances and improved nutrition quality through the use of genetic engineering. Toward this goal, we have a) developed a gene transfer technology for indica rice, b) introduced numerous genes that code for proteins with antifungal activity with an initial success in increasing resistance to sheath blight, c) produced crylA(b)-transgenic IR58 with good resistance to yellow stem borer and other lepidopteran insect pests, d) regenerated numerous transgenic offspring populations that harbor a series of RTBV-DNA sequences representing several anti-tungro disease strategies, and e) activated the terpenoid pathway with an endosperm-specific, transgenic phytoene synthase such that the endosperm synthesizes good quantities of phytoene for further (transgenic) conversion to beta-carotene. A series of additional experiments include approaches toward nitrogen fixation, enhanced phosphate uptake, improved iron availability, and apomictic stabilization of hybrid vigor.
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