Vliv vysky srezu bulvy cukrovky pri sklizni na jeji technologickou jakost.
1990
Zahradnicek J. | Schmidt L. | Ondracek M. | Kotyk A. | Svachula V. | Vratny P. | Jary J.
Weight proportion and chemical and technological composition of basic morphological parts of physiologically ripe sugar beet roots, i.e. epicotyl (scalp), hypocotyl (top) and radix were studied in model field and laboratory trials. In concrete terms, weight, sugar content, alpha-amino nitrogen content, conductometric ash and reducing substances were determined in these morphological parts of the root. Another technological parameter were further calculated from them: the yield of polarization sugar and precentage of refined sugar, MB-factor and output of molasses. On an average of all nine model trials, it was found that a weight proportion of epicotyl and hypocotyl to the radix is largely variable and this is conditioned by the size and shape of the root. Marked differences are characteristic in chemical composition of these sections. The worst chemical and technological composition at minimum content of sucrose and comparatively high content of crude protein, ash (especially of alcaline molasses-forming components) and reducing sugars exhibited epicotyl. A little better proportion between sucrose and the given ballast substances is represented by a top (cut) and the best is that of radix, especially its upper part. At the same time, a correlation was found between sucrose and non-sugar contents (ballast substances) which decrease the technological quality of sugar beet (alpha-aminonitrogen, ash and reducing substances). The size and shape of sugar beet are also significant for composition and spatial distribution of sucrose and non-sugars in the sugar beet root. Comparatively higher sucrose content and the lower ash content have the narrow roots (conic) in comparison with wide roots. The following main parameters of technological quality of sugar beet for new variants of the harvest were calculated and derived from the results of model laboratory trials and topographical analyses: by means of scalping (a small cut at which the crown is removed - top of epicotyl) and by means of defoliating (entire roots are deprived of leaves, the length of remaining petioles cannot exceed 5 cm).
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