Toxicity, penetration, excretion, and metabolism of carbofuran in larvae of the tobacco budworm and the corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
1995
Wang S.C. | Dauterman W.C.
The fate and toxicity of carbofuran applied topically to larvae of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), were determined. Carbofuran was most toxic to the earliest instars and least toxic to the fifth instar, and more toxic to H. zea than to H. virescens. Carbafuran penetrated the cuticle of the corn earworm more readily than that of the tobacco budworm in both the third and fifth instars, which corresponded with the toxicity shown. The in vivo metabolism of carbofuran was studied by injecting the insecticide into H. virescens and H. zea larvae. Overall, rate of excretion of carbofuran was higher in H. zea than in H. virescens; however, H. virescens metabolized carbofuran more readily than H. zea. The three metabolites identified in both H. virescens and H. zea were 3-hydroxy carbofuran, 3-keto carbofuran, and 3-keto carbofuran phenol, similar to those reported in mammals, plants, and other insects.
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