Effect of preculture on survival of cryopreserved zygotic embryonic axes of King palm (Archonthophoenix alexandrea L.)
2007
Uma Rani Sinniah | Sreeramanan Subramaniam | Amyita Witty Ugap | Zaitialia Mohlisun, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor (Malaysia). Dept. of Crop Science
King Palm (Archonthopoenix alexandrea L.) is an ornamental palm that is widely used in the landscape industry. This palm normally propagated by means of seed. However, germination takes a long period due to the dormancy and percentage of survival is low. The long-term storage of King Palm seeds is still a problem, as they remain viable for only short periods. Recently, cryopreservation of embryos has been proposed to be a good alternative for long-term storage of difficult materials such as recalcitrant and intermediate seeds. Therefore, this study was carried out for storing these seeds using embryonic axes both with and without sucrose pretreatment in liquid nitrogen. In the dessication-based cryopreservation, the excised embryonic axes were subjected to desiccation for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours respectively prior to plunging into liquid nitrogen. The viability and survival of embryonic axes with and without exposure to liquid nitrogen was evaluated after 3 weeks and 6 weeks of culturing onto enriched Murashige and Skoog's medium. Results showed that there is a significant difference between the desiccation hours on survival of embryos. The survival was high (95%) initially at higher moisture contents but reduced to 37.5% after 6 hours of dessication (11.9%) moisture content). In contrast, no survival was obtained after exposure to liquid nitrogen when moisture content was high (above 24.2%). The highest survival (25%) after exposure to liquid nitrogen was obtained for embryos desiccated to 19%. Thus, desiccation is a must for survival in liquid nitrogen. In the sucrose pretreatment-based cryopreservation, the embryonic axes were precultured for 16 hours onto MS medium with 0.4M sucrose followed by desiccation prior to liquid nitrogen exposure. The trend was similar to that obtained for direct desiccation. However, the highest survival was 45% when preculture was used as compared to 25% when the direct desiccation method was used. In addition the plantlet development of the precultured embryos was much better compared to the non-preculture treatment.
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