Studies on variability and gene effects of seed protein contents in Cameroonian bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars
2012
Noubissie, J.T. (University of Ngaoundere (Cameroon). Dept. of Biological Sciences) | Bell, J.M. (University of Yaounde I (Cameroon). Dept. of Plant Biology) | Yadji, H.T. (University of Ngaoundere (Cameroon). Dept. of Biological Sciences)
Fifteen common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars of the highlands zone of Cameroon were assessed to estimate the genetic variability for seed protein content. Heritability values, gene effects and the potential for genetic improvement of crude protein content in bean were investigated using generation's means analysis with selected parents, F1 and F2 generations as well as backcross populations (BC) produced in three hybrid combinations. The differences among the genotypes were significant at P less than or equal to 0.01 for protein concentration measured by Kjeldahl method. The range of variation was from 18.22% DM ('Marbre') to 28.32% DM ('PB'). Only three cultivars, all with white seed coat i.e., 'PB', 'GB' and 'Bamendjou 87' showed high seed protein level. Broad-sense heritability was of a moderate 0.46 to high 0.72 value and maternal effects were detected in F1. Narrow-sense heritability (0.16 to 0.41), heterosis (-1.25 to -4.35%) values and gene effects analysis suggested that the protein content is controlled by additive and non-additive genes. At 10% level of selection, an increase of only 3.60 to 10.16% is predicted after one cycle of selection. Non-allelic interactions were significant in all crosses and the presence of duplicate dominant epistasis was observed in the expression of this trait. A minimum of 4 to 10 genes affected the protein accumulation in bean seeds. These results suggested that breeding for increased protein content in the seeds of common bean can be quite successful through recurrent selection in later generations.
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