Glucosinolates in rapeseed as antinutritive factors in animal nutrition | Glukozinolati uljane repice kao antinutritivni faktori u ishrani životinja

Inglés. Rapeseed has multiple purposes: animal nutrition, production of oil and biodiesel. Content of oil and protein in dry seeds of rapeseed is 40-47% and 19-29%, respectively. However, the seed also contains harmful substances: glucosinolates, erucic acid, phytate and tannin. This paper describes the importance of rapeseed in animal nutrition and shows the possibility of its inclusion in animal meal depending on the content of glucosinolates. The main antinutritive factors present in this oil crop are glucosinolates, therefore this paper shows their biological effect in animal nutrition and their detoxification. Canola varieties have reduced glucosinolate content and they have almost entirely superseded the old varieties of rapeseed. Glucosinolates alone are biologically inactive molecules, but their degradation products are biologically active and well known for their diverse biological effects. The degree of negative impact of glucosinolates in the diet of animals depends on their level and composition of formed degradation products, but also the species and age of animals. In order to reduce glucosinolate content different methods are used which include their hydrolysis or decomposition before feeding the animals.

Serbio. Uljana repica ima višestruku namenu: ishrana životinja, proizvodnja ulja i biodizela. Sadržaj ulja u suvom semenu uljane repice iznosi 40-47% a sadržaj proteina 19-29%. Međutim, u semenu se nalaze i štetne materije: glukozinolati, eruka masna kiselina, fitini i tanin. U ovom radu je istaknut značaj uljane repice u ishrani domaćih životinja i prikazane su mogućnosti njenog uključivanja u obroke životinja u zavisnosti od sadržaja glukozinolata. Glavni antinutritivni faktor prisutan u ovoj uljanoj kulturi su upravo glukozinolati, te je u radu prikazan njihov biološki uticaj u ishrani životinja i njihova detoksikacija. Hemijski gledano, glukozinolati su heterozidi koji u okviru aglikonske komponente sadrže sumpor. Sami glukozinolati su biološki neaktivni molekuli, ali produkti njihove degradacije su biološki aktivni i poznati po svojim raznovrsnim biološkim efektima. Stepen negativnog uticaja glukozinolata u ishrani domaćih životinja zavisi od njihovog nivoa i sastava, nastalih degradacionih proizvoda, ali takođe i vrste i starosti životinja. U cilju smanjenja sadržaja glukozinolata koriste se različite metode koje obuhvataju njihovu hidrolizu ili dekompoziciju pre hranjenja životinja.