[Agrobiological aspects of the edible honeysuckle cultivation, content of nutrients and anthocyanins in fruits] | Agrobiologické aspekty pestovania jedlých zemolezov, obsah nutričných látok a autokyanínov v plodoch

Evaluated package of agrobiological factors begins with the growing dynamics of Lonicera kamtschatica (Sevast.) Pojark shrubs and clone selection in the conditions of Nitra, whereby the referring contributions are related to mentioned biological material. We aware an increase stagnation in the growing dynamics for observed time period 2007-2009, as confirmed by results of the mathematical and statistical analysis. However we can mention statistically significant influence of the growing year, and according to linear regression outputs the impact of replications, even though the statistically significant influence of replications was not confirmed. Yields of Lonicera kamtschatica and Lonicera edulis achieved were statistically not influenced by growing year (P=0.215 and P=0.238) and by replications (P=0.019 and P=0.171), nor by their mutual interaction (P=0.627). However we can notify that the yield of Lonicera edulis was by 1/3 bigger in comparison to Lonicera kamtschatica. In case of evaluated clones yielding process has been statistically significantly forming by traits of clones, year and interaction of mentioned factors on the probability level alpha=0,01. Three-years evaluation pointed out the highest yield of (3.521,3 g) for the clone KL-35. Morphometrical and morphological studies of the fruits of Lonicera kamtschatica and its clones showed that the high variability depends on the base of botanical species. Size of Lonicera kamtschatica fruits considerably differs from the size of the clone's fruits. The fruits of Lonicera kamtschatica are great, rounded or oval-shaped, the fruits of clones are elongated, different shapes, whereby the deformed berries are visible through the casing. Dark-blue wax-covering reached an intensity from medium to strong grade. Lonicera kamtschatica was chracterized by acid-sweet taste, while fruits of the clones were tartish-bitter. Fruit-peduncle length of the clones was considerably varying (19%) and was smaller in comparison to Lonicera kamtschatica. The highest variability was characterized by the bract length - 25-38% for Lonicera kamtschatica and even higher 11-49% for the clones. We obtained interresting Paerson correlation factors from the measured fruits, i.g. the quantitative data tests mostly reffered to positive dependency between factors evaluated, while negative correlation factor is of marginal signification. The statistical analysis indicated a direct proportionality of the correlation factors for the fruits evaluated. Our studies referred to important interconnection between the marks and properties variability of fruits. In adition, the fruits most important from nutritional and gustative point of view could be applied to LRO and thereafter preserved and reproduced within gene banks. Nutrients content and hygienic purity of the fruits give an important information about the meaning and growing possibilities of honeysuckle. The content of sugar was statistically highly significant by the growing years. The content of organic acids can be considered as a stable trait of nutritional value of fruit of Lonicera kamtschatica clones (not depending on year or clone). However the content of ascorbic acid was highly significant by the growing year. The content of anthocyanins is statistically not depending on growing year. Taste of fruit was given by content of sugar and dry matters highly significantly depending on year, while the content of organic acids have not influenced the resulting taste. Anthocyanins positively influenced the sour-sweet taste of fruit depending on year and a bitter taste of fruit in term of features of clones. Evaluation of the relations between mineral mater content and potassium and calcium content according to Pearsons correlation showed negative dependency, that could be considered as moderate grade. Correlation between calcium and phosphorus can be considered as positive moderate statistically significant be growing year. In case of natrium and potassium it was noticed a weak negative correlation and it was determined positive moderate correlation between the content of calcium and magnesium in all three years that confirmed the fact that the relation of these elements can be considered as a stable. On the basis of obtained results in evaluation of hygienic purity of the fruits we can point out, that the accumulation of nitrates is lower than the highest (for suckers) permited concentration (150mg/kg) in fruit within all samples analyzed. At the same time we can confirm statistically significant influence of the growing year on cumulation of nitrates and heavy metals. Valuable contribution of our research represents the study of selenium content in the edible honeysuckle in comparison to other vegetable sources. The total selenium content has been determined by atomic adsorption spectrometry. The average selenium content was approximately the same in both fruit observed botanical species (11.03 and 11.58 micro g per kg fresh mass). No significant differences have been observed between the variants of Lonicera Kamtschatica clones ranged from 8.80 to 12.31 micro g per kg. Finally, the authors proposed a tangible example of edible honeysuckle plantation located in the village of Látkovce, region Bánovce nad Bebravou, that is to be used as the genetic resources aswell as practical demonstration of this noble fruit growing.