Study on introduction and screening of clonal improved tea cultivars in southern Shaanxi | 陕南无性系茶树良种的引进及筛选研究

Chino. 筛选适合陕南茶区种植的无性系茶树良种，确定主推品种，加快陕南茶园无性系良种化进程，促进陕西茶产业的发展。以引进的17个国内适制绿茶的茶树无性系良种为材料，根据引种苗成活率和抗病虫害情况进行初选。之后以福鼎大白为对照，比较初选品种的物候期、产量和制茶品质等指标，筛选出综合性状表现较好的品种。初选出龙井长叶、舒茶早、乌牛早、平阳特早、翠峰、福鼎大白(对照)等6个表现较好的茶树品种。物候期上，平阳特早发芽最早，其次是龙井长叶和翠峰，其发芽期比福鼎大白早10~15 d。从发芽密度、百芽质量、春梢长度和着叶数量、扦插成苗率、出圃率和移栽成活率等指标综合来看，龙井长叶、平阳特早和翠峰3个品种表现较好。在产量上，翠峰、龙井长叶和平阳特早均高于其余品种，经方差分析其产量极显著高于对照福鼎大白。龙井长叶、平阳特早、翠峰的制茶品质较优，以香气显花香为特点。龙井长叶、平阳特早和翠峰的综合性状表现明显优于其他品种，可作为陕南茶区当前主推的无性系茶树良种。

Inglés. The experimental study was conducted to screen some clonal improved tea cultivars for southern Shaanxi so as to improve the proportion of tea plantations of the improved varieties and the economic efficiency of tea plantation. 17 of such clonal improved tea cultivars were first selected and the weaker ones had been eliminated according to the findings of series of comparative experiments on the survival rates and resistance to diseases and pests, and experiments were further done on their phonological characteristics and growth, their respective germination densities, weight of one bud and three leaves, length and number of spring tea tips, germination rates by cuttings and productivity of the nursery, the survival rates of the seedlings by cuttings and transplanting. The six better varieties out of 17 have been screened referring to Fudingdabai, among which Longjingchangye, Cuifeng, and Pingyangtezao are much better. Comparatively speaking, Pingyangtezao begins budding about 10-15 days earlier than Longjingchangye and Cuifeng. The single yield of Cuifeng, Longjingtezao, and Pingyangtezao is higher than others. And according to the analysis of variance results, tea products of the three vaieties are much better in quality, especially in fragrance. Over the past years of experiments, the three clonal improved tea cultivars as Longjingchangye, Cuifeng, and Pingyangtezao have been selected and appointed as the major varieties to be popularized in the southern areas of Shaanxi province.