Trophic state index and assessment of water quality for domestic and agriculture purpose of Bhindawas wetland, jhajjar, Haryana (India)

Bhindawas wetland is the largest wetland in state of Haryana with an area of around 1064 acres. Present study was carried out to understand the water quality alongwith Trophic State Index and its suitability for domestic and agriculture use in different months, namely, July (pre-monsoon), September (monsoon) and November and January (post-monsoon). Nine samples were collected from the study area, seven from wetland area and two from drain No.8 adjacent to wetland for four times at the interval of two months. Calculation based on Carlson Trophic State Index revealed that wetland came under the hypereutrophic category. Chemical analysis data of Bhindawas wetland water was evaluated for its suitability for domestic purpose. The electric conductivity and concentration of total dissolved solid were more than the desirable limit of 750 Ilmho/cm (WHO) and 500 mg/I (BIS), respectively, in 18; of the total wetland samples. Total hardness increased in the monsoon because in this season lake received flooded water. Highest permissible limit of total hardness given by WHO is 200 mg/l. Concentration of turbidity was higher than ~5 NTU (max. desirable) in most of the samples it might be due to the surface water. Turbidity can be removed by sedimentation process and water after treatment is safe for domestic purpose. Suitability of water irrigation purpose is mainly based upon the estimation of parameters like sodium absorption ratio, per cent sodium, residual sodium carbonate, total sodium concentration and electric conductivity are important factors in classification. In the present study, it was found that samples fen in excellent and good categories. Sodium adsorption ratio ranged from 0.69835 in September at Sl site to maximum 3.272241 milIiequivalents per litre in January at S3 site satisfying irrigation water. Range of per cent sodium varied from 22 to 58; in study area. Residual sodium carbonate ranged from -2.95547 in November at Ss to 0.49296 epm in July Ss. Based on the base-exchange indices (rl), about 78; Bhindawas water samples are classified as Na+-SOt type (rll) and rest are Na+-HC03- type (rlI).