Rice production in the Maswa District, Tanzania and its contribution to poverty alleviation

This study surveys three villages important for rice production in the Maswa District, Tanzania: Shishiyu, Mwanhegele and Bukangilija. Special attention is given to the rice based cropping system and its contribution to poverty alleviation relative to other activities in the farming system. The authors argue that if no efforts are made to improve cotton prices, farmers will continue to be increasingly dependent on rice cultivation. In order to improve the profit returned from rice the following measure should be taken: increase production by introducing high-yielding varieties currently not available introduce drought tolerant and water use efficient varieties devise better ways of collecting water flexible and comprehensive extension services for all households in the District are recommended land and water shortages for rice and livestock production are a reality. Farmers need to think of alternative sources to reduce their dependence on rice and livestock farmers should be encouraged to combat the weed problem, which occurs especially when organic fertilizers are usedThe authors conclude that rice has significantly contributed to poverty reduction in the district. Income from rice provides poor farmers with the financial capability to purchase goods and services. However, production of rice relies heavily on rainfall and availability of suitable land. Major improvements in rice production are possible. It is further argued that a gradual replacement of cotton pasture by rice is taking place where the same soil used mainly for rice, suits both cotton and rice cultivation. However, when prices of cotton improve it is possible for farmers to cultivate more drought tolerant cotton than water-dependent crop such as rice. Despite the present disincentives caused by low prices of cotton, it is still possible to produce more cotton if farmers are motivated by the provision of better prices and timely payments by crop purchasing agents. Cotton has the advantage over rice that it can better withstand drought. <br />