Effects of Application of Fermented Swine Manure with Additional Nitrogen Fertilizer on Productivity of Corn and Leaching of Nitrogen and Phosphorous in Corn Cultivation Soil

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of swine manure (SM) application with additional nitrogen (N) fertilizer on productivity of corn and environmental pollution in corn cultivation soil. The experiment was conformed in lysimeter which was constructed with 30 cm diameter, and 100 cm height. Swine manures used in this study were the compost of swine manure fermented with sawdust (SMFWS) and soft rice hulls treated with high temperature and high pressure (SRH), and swine slurry (SS). The application rates of the additional N, as urea, with swine manure were 50 and 100 kgN/ha on each plot. This study was arranged in completely randomized design with three replication. DM yields in SM treatments with mineral N were increased significantly compared to those in SM treatment without mineral (zero-mineral N) (P less than 0.05) and increased as the rate of mineral N application increased (P less than 0.05). DM yields in SMFWS and SS treatments with mineral 100 kgN/ha showed trends similar to those of chemical fertilizer (control) but higher than those of 50 kg N/ha. DM yields tended to be higher in SMFWS and SS treatments than in SRH treatment. Total N contents in SMFWS, SRH and SS treatments with mineral N were increased, compared with SM treatment without mineral N. N contents in SM treatments with mineral N were lower than those of chemical fertilizer treatment, but N content of chemical fertilizer treatment showed trends similar to that of SS treatments with mineral 100 kgN/ha. NO₃-N concentration in SM treatments with mineral N were increased significantly, compared to those in SM treatment without mineral N and in chemical fertilizer (P less than 0.05). NH₄-N concentrations in SMFWS and SS treatments with mineral 100 kgN/ha showed trends similar to those of chemical fertilizer, but higher than those of 50 kg N/ha. PO₄-P concentration in SM treatments with mineral N were increased significantly, compared to those in SM treatment without mineral N (P less than 0.05). PO₄-P concentration in chemical fertilizer treatment showed trends similar to that of SS treatments with mineral 100 kgN/ha. The concentrations of NO₃-N NH₄-N and PO₄-P increased as the rate of mineral N application increased (P less than 0.05). The concentrations of NO₃-N NH₄-N and PO₄-P were highly elevated in the concentrated rainy season in the early stage among experimental period. The maximum NO₃-N NH₄-N and PO₄-P concentrations in the leaching water were 3.46 mg/L, 1.11 mg/L and 0.14 mg/L, respectively.