The economic efficiency of genetic progess for the winter wheat varieties approved in Romania during 2000-2010

Inglés. The purpose of this study is to analyze the genetic progress in wheat crop, regarding the quantitative performance and economic aspect, the leading indicators for measuring efficiency being: production costs, price recovery and additional income as the main indicators to measure the effectiveness of genetic progress in increasing profit/ha. In order to highlight the genetic progress of created and approved individual varieties, there was calculated the quantitative contribution of new genotypes and the results were reported to the most representative areas for wheat production. The quantitative genetic progress was estimated with the help of the regression function. The quantitative relationship between variables, regarding the contribution of genotypes to genetic progress increase, quantified with the help of coefficient (b) of the linear regression equation, presents the following significant values (in ascending order) for areas analyzed: 10.62 kg/ha/year for genotypes grown in the south in irrigated, 12.05 kg/ha/year for genotypes grown in Transylvania, 19.26 kg/ha/year for genotypes grown in the west and 21.25 kg/ha/year for genotypes grown in Moldova. The approach taken justifies the context in which the genetic research and breeding work is a primary importance solution in view of further increase in wheat production in Romania. The economic results obtained show that the newly created genotypes are equipped with high capacity of efficient capitalizations of areas of cultivation, the rate of return exceeding 25% (Glosa - 32%, Gruia - 37%, Izvor - 44%).

Rumano; Moldavo; moldavo. Scopul acestui studiu consta in analiza progresului genetic la cultura graului, sub aspectul performantelor cantitative si sub aspect economic, principalii indicatori pentru masurarea eficientei fiind: costurile de productie, pretul de valorificare si profitul suplimentar, ca principali indicatori care masoara eficienta progresului genetic in cresterea profitului/ha. Pentru a pune in evidenta progresul genetic individual al soiurilor create si omologate, s-a calculat aportul cantitativ al noilor genotipuri, iar rezultatele obtinute au fost raportate la cele mai reprezentative areale pentru productia de grau. Estimarea progresului genetic cantitativ s-a realizat cu ajutorul functiei de regresie. Relatia cantitativa dintre variabile, privind contributia genotipurilor la cresterea progresului genetic, cuantificata cu ajutorul coeficientului (b) al ecuatiei de regresie liniara, prezinta urmatoarele valori medii semnificative (in ordine crescatoare) pentru arealele analizate: 10,62 kg/ha/an pentru genotipurile cultivate in sudul tarii in sistem irigat; 12,05 kg/ha/an pentru genotipurile cultivate in Transilvania; 19,26 kg/ha/an pentru genotipurile cultivate in vestul tarii si 21,25 kg/ha/an pentru genotipurile cultivate in Moldova. Motivarea demersului intreprins justifica contextul in care cercetarile de genetica si lucrarile de ameliorare reprezinta o solutie de prima importanta, in perspectiva cresterii in continuare a productiei de grau in Romania. Rezultatele economice obtinute demonstreaza faptul ca genotipurile nou create sunt dotate cu o capacitate superioara de valorificare eficienta a arealelor de cultivare, rata rentabilitatii depasind 25% (Glosa - 32%, Gruia - 37%, Izvor - 44%).